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Electromagnetic Fields

Intermediate

Visualize electric field lines emanating from point charges. Place positive and negative charges to see how fields interact, and understand the foundational forces governing electricity and magnetism.

Key Formulas

Coulomb's Law
F=keq1q2r2F = k_e \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}

Electrostatic force between two point charges, inversely proportional to distance squared.

Electric Field
E⃗=keqr2r^\vec{E} = k_e \frac{q}{r^2}\hat{r}

Electric field vector produced by a point charge at distance r.

Lorentz Force
F⃗=q(E⃗+v⃗×B⃗)\vec{F} = q(\vec{E} + \vec{v} \times \vec{B})

Total electromagnetic force on a charged particle in electric and magnetic fields.

Electric Potential
V=keqrV = k_e \frac{q}{r}

Scalar potential at a distance r from a point charge.

Gauss's Law
∮E⃗⋅dA⃗=Qencε0\oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\varepsilon_0}

The total electric flux through a closed surface equals the enclosed charge divided by permittivity.

Key Concepts

  • Electric field lines and flux
  • Superposition of electric fields
  • Equipotential surfaces
  • Conservative nature of electrostatic force
  • Relationship between field and potential
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